Bitwise Operators in C++

Bitwise Operators in C++ As the name says, bitwise operators are used to perform operations on bits. Bit is the smallest unit memory. A bit represents 2 unique combinations of binary numbers.

• 0 (boolean zero)
• 1 (boolean one)

Decimal values are converted into binary values (which are the sequence of bits) and bit wise operators work on these bits. C++ provides 3 bitwise operators – The Truth table for Bitwise Operators will be –

x	y	x|y	x & y	x ^ y
0	0	0	0	0
0	1	1	0	1
1	0	1	0	1
1	1	1	1	0

consider an example, assume 0=31 and p=21 o= 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1    (31 in decimal) p= 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1     (21 in decimal)

(o & p)  AND Operator Working
   o=  0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1    (31 in decimal)
   p=  0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1    (21 in decimal)
       ---------------- 
(o&p)= 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
       ----------------

(o | p)  OR Operator Working
    o= 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1    (31 in decimal)
    p= 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1    (21 in decimal)
       ---------------- 
(o|p)= 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
       ----------------

(o ^ p)  XOR Operator Working
    o= 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1    (31 in decimal)
    p= 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1    (21 in decimal)
       ---------------- 
(o^p)= 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
       ----------------

(~o)  Negate/Bitwise Not Operator Working
 x= 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1    (31 in decimal)
~x= 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Example of C++ program for Bitwise Operators –

#include <iostream.h>
int main()
    {
    int o = 31,p = 21,AND,OR,XOR,NOT;
    AND = (o&p);
    OR  = (o|p);
    NOT = (~o);
    XOR = (o^p);
    cout<<"AND Operator value = "<<AND <<endl;
    cout<<"OR Operator value = "<<OR <<endl;
    cout<<"NOT Operator value = "<<NOT <<endl;
    cout<<"XOR Operator value = "<<XOR <<endl;
    return 0;
    }

Output – 

AND Operator value = 21
OR Operator value = 31
NOT Operator value = -32
XOR Operator value = 10

Explanation of Output :

21 = 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
31 = 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

and operator will result 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 = (21)10
or operator will result 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 = (31)10
NOT operator will result 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = (-32)10
XOR operator will result 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 = (10)10

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